Jidka doorashooyinka Somaliland iyo dimuqraaddiyad kala dhantaalan

Hordhac

Somaliland waxa sannadkii 1991-kii magaalada Burco lagaga dhawaaqay inay dib ula soo noqotay madax-bannaanideedii, kadib markii sannadkii 1960 oo ay xoriyaddeeda ka qaadatay dalka Ingriiska si bilaa shuruud ah ula midowday Soomaaliya oo markaa xorriyaddeeda ka qaadatay Talyaaniga. Shirar kala dambeeyey oo lagu nabadaynayey Somaliland oo markaa ka soo kabatay dagaal ay kula jirtay xukunkii milatariga ahaa ee Siyaad Barre hoggaaminayey ayaa sahashay in dhammaan deegaannadii uu Ingriisku gumaysanayey ee Somaliland nabadgelyo laga dhaliyo.

Muddadaa Somaliland waxa ay soo martay marxalado kala duwan, ilaa laga soo gaadhayey markii ay u guurtay nidaamka xisbiyada badan kadibna afti dadwayne lagu oggolaaday sannadkii 2001, oo dadwaynaha Somaliland 97% u codeeyeen. Taasi waxa ay sababtay in Somaliland ay ka bilaabmaan nidaamka xisbiyada badan lagagana dhawaaqo ururro siyaasadeed oo u diyaar garoobay doorashooyin dimuqraaddi ah oo guud ahaan Somaliland ka dhaca, lagagana baxo madaxdii shir beeleedka lagu soo doortay ee markaa Somaliland ka talinayey.

Wakhtigaa Somaliland waxa lagaga dhawaaqay ururro siyaasadeed oo kala ahaa Udub, UCID, SAHAN, BIRSOL, HORMOOD, ASAD, ILEYS, iyo KULMIYE kuwaas oo isu diyaarinayey doorasho loogu tartamayey siday uga mid noqon lahaayeen saddexda xisbi Qaran ee dastuurka Somaliland ku xusan. Kadib doorashii dawladaha hoose oo dhacday sannadkii 2002 waxa ku tartamay lix urur siyaasadeed (Ileys iyo Birsol markii dambe waxay ku kala biireen lixda kale iyadoon doorashaduba dhicin kadib markii ay awooddooda arkeen), waxana kaalinta xisbinimo u soo gudbay sida uu dhigay dastuurka Somaliland qodobkiisa 9aad saddex xisbi: UDUB oo uu guddoominayey Md Maxamed X. Ibraahim Cigaal; UCID oo uu guddoominayey Md Faysal Cali Waraabe; iyo KULMIYE oo uu guddoominayey Md Axmed Maxamed Siilaanyo.

Geeddisocodkaa doorasho waxa uu jideeyey in sannadkii 2003dii loo dareero doorasho madaxwaynenimo oo markii ugu horreeyay dadwaynaha Somaliland codkooda dhiibanayaan. Waxaana ku tartamay saddexdii xisbi Qaran ee sida dastuuriga ah u soo baxay ee UDUB oo  uu u sharraxnaa Md Daahir Riyaale Kaahin, UCID oo uu u sharraxnaa Md Faysal Cali Waraabe iyo xisbiga Kulmiye oo uu u sharraxnaa Md Axmed Maxamed Siilaanyo. Doorashadaa waxa ku guulaystay xisbigii UDUB, waxaana Somaliland Madaxwayne rasmi ah oo dadwaynuhu doorteen ka noqday Md Daahir Riyaale Kaahin iyo kuxigeenkiisii Md Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin.

Mar kale, dadwaynaha Somaliland sannadkii 2005tii waxa ay u dareereen doorashadii golaha Wakiillada Somaliland, taas oo markii ugu horreeyay dadwaynaha Somaliland codkooda ku doorteen Wakiillo dadwayne oo metela shacabka.

In kastoo markaa Somaliland jid dimuqraadiyadeed qaadday, haddana waxa ay afka saartay jidkii muddo-kordhinta doorashooyinka oo kala dhantaalay dimuqraadiyadda curdinka ahayd ee dadwaynaha Somaliland u hamuum qabeen.

Jidkii muddo-kordhinta doorashooyinka Somaliland wuxuu soo taxnaa laga bilaabo markii mudda-xileeddii golaha degaanka oo muddaysnaa sannadkii 2007dii loo kordhiyay ee aan waqtigideedii lagu qaban.

Jidkii muddo-kordhinta doorashooyinka Somaliland

Marka laga hadlayo muddo-kordhin doorasho waxa xusid mudan in la soo qaado 1993kii. Markii Madaxwayne Maxamed X. Ibraahin Cigaal xukuumaddiisii lagu soo doortay magaalada Boorama horraantii sannadkii 1993kii, waxa dhammaatay mudda-xileeddiisii oo ku eegayd saddex sanno, balse dagaallo sokeeye oo dalka ka bilaabmay dabayaaqada sannadkii 1994kii ayay fadhi ka yeesheen Golihii Guurtidu kaas oo ay ku qiimaynayeen xaaladda dalka oo markaa sii xumaanaysay.  Golihii Guurtidu  waxay iclaamiyeen inaanay xilligan suuragal ahayn in ay doorasho dalka ka dhacdo.

Kulankaas Golaha Guurtida Somaliland waxa ka soo baxay go’aankii ugu horreeyey ee Madaxwayne xilka haya loogu sii kordhinayo, iyagoo ku sababeeyey arrimo nabadgelyadarro maadaama markaa dagaallo sokeeye ay socdeen. Wakhtigaa waxay kordhiyeen sannad iyo badh uu Madaxwayne Maxamed X. Ibraahin Cigaal xilka sii hayn doono. Taasi waxa ay muujinaysaa in ay wada kowsadeen muddo-kordhinta iyo dib u dhalashada Somaliland.

Mar kale, Golaha Guurtida xukuumaddii Madaxwayne Cigaal waxay u kirdhiyeen muddo sannad ah oo ahayd 2001 ilaa 2002. Markan sababaha loo cuskaday muddo-kordhintani waxay ahayd caqabado ka jiray in aan la samayn guddigii diwaangalinta codbixiyayaasha, sidoo kale inaan la wada gaadhin xuduudihii dalka iyo in wali magaalada Burco aanay deggenaashiyo doorasho lagu gali karaa ka jirin.

Markan wali waxa xukunka haya xisbigii UDUB, balse waxa xijaabtay Alle ha u naxariistee Madaxwaynihii Somaliland, Maxamed X. Ibraahin Cigaal. Sii-hayntii Madaxwayne Daahir Riyaale kadib waxa doorasho loo dareeray sannadkii 2003dii oo Madaxwayne Daahir Riyaale Kaahin si rasmi ah loogu doortay Madaxwaynaha shanta sanno ee soo socota hoggaamin doona Somalilnad. Balse  markii ay dhammaatay mudda-xileeddiisii oo ku eekayd sannadkii 2008dii, waxa fadhi yeeshay Golaha Guurtida Somaliland oo ay ku soo dhigeen ajende lagaga doodayo sidii muddo-kordhin loogu samayn lahaa xukuumadda Madaxwayne Daahir Riyaale Kaahin. Golaha Guurtida Somaliland waxay ku dhawaaqeen in ay u kordhiyen Madaxwayne Riyaale ilaa bisha lixaad ee sannadka 2009ka.

Markan sannadku waa 2009, waa muddo kordhin kale iyo xukuumaddii Madaxwayne Daahir Riyaale. Waxa codsi uu Golaha Guurtida u gudbiyey uu kaga dalbaday iswaafajin ku saabsan wakhtiga doorashada ee ay soo gudbiyeen guddiga doorashada Somaliland iyo siday xukuumaddu muddadaa sharci u ahaan lahayd, waxaana cod u qaaday Golaha Guurtida sidaasna mar kale muddo-kordhin ugu sameeyey xukuumaddii Daahir Riyaale.

Kadib, doorasho dhacday 2010, oo uu xilka Madaxwaynenimo kula wareegay Axmed Maxamed Siilaanyo oo hoggaaminayey xisiga KULMIYE wuxuu dhammaystay mudda-xileeddiisii oo ku eekayd 2015kii balse waxa uu Golaha Guurtida u soo gudbiyey codsi muddo-kordhin. Fadhi ay yeesheen Golaha Guurtidu waxay xukuumaddii Axmed Siilaanyo u kordhiyeen muddo-xileeddiisii, iyagoo cuskaday qodobka 83aad farqadda 5aad ee dastuurka Somaliland ee qabsoomid la’aanta doorashada.

Shacbiga Somaliland  ayaa doorasho u dareeray sannadkii 2017kii, taas oo lagu dooranayey Madaxwaynaha shanta sanno ee soo socda, waxaana ku guulaystay Madaxwayne Muuse Biixi oo xisbiga KULMIYE ah. Mudda-xileeddiisii oo ku eekayd 2022, Guuritada ayaa fadhi ay yeesheen ugu kordhiyey muddo laba sanno ah.

Wakhtiyadaa kala duwan ee ay dib u dhacayeen doorashooyinka Madaxtinimo ee Somaliland waxa garab socday dib u dhacyo ku imanayay doorashooyinkii golayaasha deegaanka iyo baarlaamaanka, sidoo kalana Golaha Guurtida ayaa wali xilka fadhiya iyaga oo aan hal mar doorasho dadwayne ama xulasho gelin.

Kadib dhammaadka labadii sanno ee Golaha Guurtidu u kordhiyeen Madaxwayne Muuse, way soo idlaatay. Jiitan badan oo ku yimid xeerarka doorashooyinka ugu dambayn wuu saxeexay Madaxwaynaha Somaliland. Waxaana soo dhaweeyey daneeyayaasha doorashada Somaliland oo isugu jira xisbiyo iyo ururro siyaasadeed oo sannadkan ka qayb galaya doorashada Madadxtinimo ee la filayo in ay ka dhacdo Somaliland.

Somaliland oo 33 jirsatay, hal mar doorasho wakhtigeeda ku may qaban, balse waxa ka dhacay doorashooyin muddo dhaafay  dadwaynuhuna codkooda si xor iyo xalaal ah ugu doorteen madaxwaynayaal, wakiillo iyo golayaal degaan.